Invaginación sigmoidea en un adulto. ¿Está indicada la reducción endoscópica preoperatoria? / Sigmoid invagination in an adult. Is preoperative endoscopic reduction indicated?

Introducción. La invaginación intestinal o intususcepción es el deslizamiento de una parte del intestino dentro de otra adyacente. Es la causa más común de obstrucción intestinal en niños entre 3 meses y 6 años de edad, con una baja incidencia en adultos, correspondiente al 1 % del total de los cuadros obstructivos en el adulto. Su localización en colon es poco frecuente, pero conviene prestar especial atención por su asociación a lesiones malignas. Caso clínico. Varón de 39 años que acude a Urgencias con cuadro de obstrucción intestinal secundario a una invaginación en sigmoide. Se intenta reducción endoscópica, sin éxito, por lo que se indicó cirugía urgente, realizando sigmoidectomía y anastomosis colorrectal. El resultado anatomopatológico informó un adenoma de gran tamaño como causante de la invaginación. Conclusión. Existen controversias respecto al manejo endoscópico en invaginación intestinal en los adultos, especialmente en el colon, debido al elevado porcentaje de etiología tumoral maligna, recomendándose actualmente la resección en bloque sin reducción, para minimizar el riesgo de potencial siembra tumoral.

Introduction. Intestinal invagination or intussusception is the sliding of one part of the intestine into the adjacent one. It is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children between 3 months and 6 years of age, with a low incidence in adults, corresponding to 1% of all obstructive conditions in adults. Its location in the colon is rare, but special attention should be paid due to its association with malignant lesions. Case report. A 39-year-old male admitted to the emergency department with symptoms of intestinal obstruction secondary to a sigmoid intussusception. Endoscopic reduction was attempted, without success, so urgent surgery was indicated, performing sigmoidectomy and colorectal anastomosis. The pathology result reported a large adenoma as the cause of invagination. Conclusion. There are controversies regarding the endoscopic management of intussusception in adults, especially in the colon, due to the high percentage of malignant tumor etiology, currently recommending en bloc resection without reduction, to minimize the risk of potential tumor seeding.

Divertículo duodenal intraluminal como causa de obstrucción duodenal / Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum as a cause of duodenal obstruction

Introducción. El divertículo duodenal intraluminal, también conocido como windsock diverticulum, es una causa rara de dolor abdominal intermitente y plenitud postpandrial, que puede complicarse con obstrucción, sangrado, pancreatitis o colangitis. Suele cursar de forma asintomática y ante la aparición de síntomas el tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico. Caso clínico. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 24 años, sin antecedentes de interés, que es estudiada por dolor abdominal y plenitud postpandrial, que resulta finalmente en una obstrucción intestinal alta. Tras estudio exhaustivo y necesidad de una cirugía previa, es diagnosticada de un divertículo duodenal intraluminal. Conclusión. La paciente se trató mediante cirugía con resolución exitosa del cuadro de obstrucción intestinal.

Introduction: Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum, also known as a windsock diverticulum, is a rare cause of intermittent abdominal pain and postprandial fullness, which can be complicated by obstruction, bleeding, pancreatitis, or cholangitis. It is usually asymptomatic and when symptoms appear, the treatment of choice is surgical. Clinical case: We present the case of a 24-year-old woman with no relevant history who is studied for abdominal pain and postprandial fullness, presented with an upper intestinal obstruction. After an exhaustive study and the need for a previous surgery, she was diagnosed with an intraluminal duodenal diverticulum.Conclusion: The patient was treated by surgery with successful resolution of the intestinal obstruction

Pancreatitis aguda necrosante secundaria a hernia de hiato grado IV complicada: Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Acute necrotizing pancreatitis secondary to complicated grade IV hiatal hernia: A case report and literature review

Introducción. En las hernias paraesofágicas tipo IV se produce la herniación del estómago junto a otros órganos abdominales. La herniación del páncreas es muy infrecuente.Caso clínico. Varón de 57 años que acude por dolor torácico, disnea e intolerancia al decúbito. En la tomografía computarizada toracoabdominal se observa hernia diafragmática que contiene colon transverso, intestino delgado y páncreas, con reticulación de la grasa alrededor del mismo, compatible con pancreatitis aguda. Conclusión. La asociación de hernia hiatal con páncreas herniado y pancreatitis es extremadamente infrecuente. El diagnóstico se estableció mediante tomografía computarizada y el tratamiento fue conservador, con cirugía diferida de la hernia de hiato.

Introduction. In type IV paraesophageal hernias, the stomach is herniated along with other abdominal organs. Herniation of the pancreas is very rare. Clinical case. A 57-year-old man presented with chest pain, dyspnea, and intolerance to decubitus. The thoracoabdominal computed tomography shows a diaphragmatic hernia containing the transverse colon, small intestine and pancreas, with reticulation of fat around it, compatible with acute pancreatitis. Conclusion. The association of hiatal hernia with herniated pancreas and pancreatitis is extremely rare. The diagnosis was established by computerized tomography and the treatment was conservative, with delayed surgery for the hiatal hernia.

Postoperative Ileus after Stimulation with Probiotics before Ileostomy Closure.

Loop ileostomy closure after colorectal surgery is often associated with Postoperative ileus, with an incidence between 13-20%. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative stimulation of the efferent loop with probiotics prior to ileostomy closure in patients operated on for colorectal carcinoma. For this, a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study is designed. All patients who underwent surgery for colorectal carcinoma with loop ileostomy were included. Randomized and divided into two groups, 34 cases and 35 controls were included in the study. Postoperative ileus, the need for nasogastric tube insertion, the time required to begin tolerating a diet, restoration of bowel function, and duration of hospital stay were evaluated. The incidence of Postoperative ileus was similar in both groups, 9/34 patients stimulated with probiotics and 10/35 in the control group (CG) with a p = 0.192. The comparative analysis showed a direct relationship between Postoperative ileus after oncological surgery and Postoperative ileus after reconstruction surgery, independently of stimulation. Postoperative ileus after closure ileostomy is independent of stimulation of the ileostomy with probiotics through the efferent loop. There seem to be a relationship between Postoperative ileus after reconstruction and the previous existence of Postoperative ileus after colorectal cancer surgery.

Tumores del estroma gastrointestinal: revisión de nuestra experiencia / Surgery of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: review of our experience in the last five years

Objective: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical resection is the standard treatment for localized primary GISTs. The aim of the study is to present our 5-year surgical experience, as well as the results obtained in terms of survival and disease progression. Material and Method: We conducted a descriptive, retrospective study of primary GISTs treated in our center between 2009-2013. We analyze the most relevant variables, criteria of risk of progression according Fletcher's classification from National Institutes of Health and the Miettinem's classification from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, as well as analysis of relapse-free survival (RFS) with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results: We present a series of 30 patients. Mean age 65 years (40-84 years). The most common location was the stomach (n = 14, 46.6 percent). The surgery was R0 in 23 cases of 30. The mean tumor diameter was 5.3 cm (0.5-18). 14 patients received adjuvant treatment with Imatinib. After an average follow-up of 31.2 months (6-62 months), it was found relapse in 4 patients, progression and exitus in 1, exitus in 3 and exitus in the immediate postoperative period in 1. RFS at one year was 96.7 percent, and 89.2 percent at 4 years. Mean survival time was 56.2 months (95 percent CI 51.8-60.6). Conclusion: The recommended attitude after radical surgery is follow-up. In selected patients with risk of relapse, adjuvant treatment with Imatinib delays the progression of the disease and increases the survival.

Objetivo: Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal son las neoplasias mesenquimales más frecuentes del tubo digestivo. La resección quirúrgica es el tratamiento estándar en los GISTs primarios localizados. El objetivo del estudio es presentar nuestra experiencia quirúrgica en 5 años, así como los resultados obtenidos en cuanto supervivencia y progresión de la enfermedad. Material y Método: Serie de casos, estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo, que analiza los resultados obtenidos en cuanto al tratamiento quirúrgico de GIST primarios sometidos a resección quirúrgica en nuestro centro entre 2009-2013. Todas las intervenciones fueron realizadas por personal del Staff y dentro de los protocolos de las unidades de cirugía hepato-biliar y esófago-gástrica. Se analizan las variables de mayor relevancia, criterios de riesgo de progresión según la clasificación de Fletcher del National Institutes of Health y la clasificación de Miettinem del Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, así como análisis de la supervivencia libre de recaída (SLR) con curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Presentamos una serie de 30 pacientes. Edad media de 65 años (40-84 años). La localización más frecuente fue estómago (n = 14, 46,6 por ciento). La cirugía fue R0 en 23 de los 30 pacientes. El diámetro tumoral medio fue de 5,3 cm (0,5-18, con una mediana de 4 cm. Catorce pacientes recibieron tratamiento adyuvante con Imatinib. Tras un seguimiento medio 31,2 meses (6-62 meses), se detectó recaída en 4 pacientes, progresión y exitus en 1, exitus en 3 y exitus en el postoperatorio inmediato en 1. La SLR al año fue del 96,7 por ciento, siendo del 89,2 por ciento a los 4 años. El tiempo medio de supervivencia fue de 56,2 meses (IC 95 por ciento 51,8-60,6). Conclusiones: La actitud recomendada tras una cirugía radical es el seguimiento. En pacientes seleccionados con riesgo de recaída el tratamiento adyuvante con Imatinib retrasa la progresión de la enfermedad y aumenta la supervivencia.

Evaluación de la calidad de vida en el periodo postoperatorio inmediato en cirugía general / Quality of life measurement in the postoperative period in general and gastrointestinal surgery

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud es un resultado aceptado en cirugía para medir efectividad y para ajuste de riesgos, si bien su medición en el postoperatorio precoz ha presentado limitaciones. El propósito de este estudio es probar que es posible medir la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en dicho periodo mediante un instrumento específico. Material y método: Se obtuvo un cuestionario específico estructurado en dominios con el uso consecutivo de 3 fuentes: la revisión bibliográfica, la entrevista con pacientes (n=30) y métodos de consenso Delphi con profesionales. Finalmente el instrumento es validado sometiéndolo a preprueba (n=36) y mediante un estudio clínico observacional prospectivo (n=250) analizando su capacidad de discriminar cohortes de pacientes por tipo de intervención, complicaciones, estado clínico, su evolución temporal y sus propiedades como medida, comparándolo con el short form-36. Resultados: El instrumento mostró buena sensibilidad al cambio y capacidad de discriminación para las diferentes cohortes de pacientes, además de facilidad de uso, alta coherencia interna (alfa de Cronbach 0,88), ausencia de redundancia entre dominios (rho de Spearman entre 0,29–0,84) y adecuada convergencia con la opinión de los pacientes. En cambio el short form-36 no mostró adecuada capacidad de discriminación, ni idoneidad para su uso en dicho periodo. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que el cuestionario elaborado es válido para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en el periodo postoperatorio inmediato, siendo más sensible y específico que el short form-36 (AU)

Introduction: Health related quality of life measurement (HRQL) is widely accepted as an appropriate outcome of surgical care for assessing effectiveness and for risk adjusted outcomes. Nevertheless its use in the immediate postoperative period has show limitations. The aim of this study is to prove that is possible, with a specific new tool, to assess the HRQL during this period. Patients and Methods: The study is designed to create a specific close questionnaire related to the patient's condition after surgery, structured in domains, with the subsequent use of: literature searches, patient interviews (n=30), and a Delphi survey with health care providers. Finally the tool was validated using a pre-test (n=36) and a prospective observational cohort trial (n=250), to assess the discriminant validity for different cohorts of patients, reliability, responsiveness, and convergent validity, and to compare with the widely used generic tool, Short Form 36 (SF-36). Results: The questionnaire was shown to have good sensitivity to change (single index and domains score), as well as good sensitivity to distinguish cohorts of patients, a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.88), absence of redundancy between domains (Spearman's rho range, 0.29–0.84), and good convergent validity with patient opinion. The SF-36 questionnaire showed poor discriminant validity, and lack of convergent validity with patient opinion. Conclusions: These results support that the created questionnaire is appropriate to assess HRQL in the immediate postoperative period; and was more specific than SF-36 (AU)

[Quality of life measurement in the postoperative period in general and gastrointestinal surgery]. / Evaluación de la calidad de vida en el periodo postoperatorio inmediato en cirugía general.

INTRODUCTION: Health related quality of life measurement (HRQL) is widely accepted as an appropriate outcome of surgical care for assessing effectiveness and for risk adjusted outcomes. Nevertheless its use in the immediate postoperative period has show limitations. The aim of this study is to prove that is possible, with a specific new tool, to assess the HRQL during this period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study is designed to create a specific close questionnaire related to the patient's condition after surgery, structured in domains, with the subsequent use of: literature searches, patient interviews (n=30), and a Delphi survey with health care providers. Finally the tool was validated using a pre-test (n=36) and a prospective observational cohort trial (n=250), to assess the discriminant validity for different cohorts of patients, reliability, responsiveness, and convergent validity, and to compare with the widely used generic tool, Short Form 36 (SF-36). RESULTS: The questionnaire was shown to have good sensitivity to change (single index and domains score), as well as good sensitivity to distinguish cohorts of patients, a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.88), absence of redundancy between domains (Spearman's rho range, 0.29-0.84), and good convergent validity with patient opinion. The SF-36 questionnaire showed poor discriminant validity, and lack of convergent validity with patient opinion. CONCLUSIONS: These results support that the created questionnaire is appropriate to assess HRQL in the immediate postoperative period; and was more specific than SF-36.

Intestinal wall damage in simple ileus in rabbits: immune-modulator role of somatostatin.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We aim to determine in which way the local immune system would be responsible for the structural changes in intestinal obstruction, and how these are influenced by Somatostatin, an intestinal peptide with immunomodulatory properties. Simple ileus causes a series of functional and anatomical changes, which have been related to the peptidergic neural system, and inflammatory mediators. These changes are reversible with the use of Somatostatin. METHODOLOGY: 27 rabbits divided into three groups, were subjected to the same procedure, in which a simple closed loop obstruction is caused by means of jejunum ligatures. The three groups are perfused with physiologic saline during 24 hours post-obstruction; one of them is perfused with Somatostatin from the time of intervention, and other after 8 hours. Samples of the intestinal wall are taken for histological analysis, and of the intraluminal liquid to determine the tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and serotonin. RESULTS: Both group treated with Somatostatin show a wall which is in good condition, while the untreated group showed lesions. These lesions are related to higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2, while there were no changes in the levels of interleukin 6. CONCLUSIONS: The Somatostatin in perfusion shows a cytoprotective activity in the intestinal wall, and a blockage of the production of mediators of cellular immunity, while humoral immunity does not appear to be involved in these phenomena.